Hanu, a Sabai Thai companionScript

Thai vowels wrap around the consonant

A Thai vowel can sit after, before, above or below the consonant it follows in speech, sometimes in two places at once. The อ in each form marks where the consonant goes. Length is not decoration: a long vowel and a short vowel give the same syllable different tones.

Long vowels 11

อา aa
อา
sara aa Long 'a' as in 'father' long
อี ii
อี
sara ii Long 'ee' as in 'see' long
อือ uu
อือ
sara uu Long 'ue' - the same position held longer long
อู uu
อู
sara uu Long 'oo' as in 'food' long
เอ ee
เอ
sara ee Long 'e' as in 'café' long
แอ ae
แอ
sara ae Long 'ae' as in 'cat' long
โอ oo
โอ
sara oo Long 'o' as in 'go' long
ออ or
ออ
sara or Long 'or' as in 'more' long
เอีย ia
เอีย
sara ia Falling diphthong 'ia' - 'ee' gliding to 'a' long
เอือ uea
เอือ
sara uea Falling diphthong 'uea' - 'ue' gliding to 'a' long
อัว ua
อัว
sara ua Diphthong 'ua' - 'oo' gliding to 'a', as in ตัว long

Short vowels 8

อั a
อั
sara a Short 'a' as in 'cut' (with a final consonant) short
อิ i
อิ
sara i Short 'i' as in 'sit' short
อึ ue
อึ
sara ue Short 'ue' - lips forward, tongue back short
อุ u
อุ
sara u Short 'u' as in 'put' short
อำ am
อำ
sara am Short 'am' - always has nasal ending short
ไอ ai
ไอ
sara ai Short 'ai' with mai malai - common spelling short
ใอ ai
ใอ
sara ai Short 'ai' with mai muan - 20 specific words only short
เอา ao
เอา
sara ao Short 'ao' as in 'now' short

Then five marks sit above the line

Four of them decide the tone, and thanthakhat silences the letter beneath it.

Changdee, a Sabai Thai companion
วันละตัวก็พอ wan la tua ko phoOne letter a day is enough

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